Aviation comes to the Grand Duchy
The title page of the program of the meeting.
Charles Bettendorf's ex-Léon Delagrange Voisin
with Jacques Wiesenbach at the controls, probably
during a test flight before the meeting. Note the
lack of vertical "curtains" between the
wings. (1)
This was all that was seen of the Bettendorf machine
during the meeting. The inexperienced Wiesenbach
didn't want to risk his employer's machine in
the difficult weather conditions and therefore
refused to fly. (2)
Joseph Christiaens' Farman. This was a brand new
machine, he had sold his old one after the St
Petersburg meeting less than three weeks before. (2)
A view towards the northeast, out of the park, with
Christiaens coming in to land. The pole is presumably
one of the flag poles used as rounding-points. (1)
Alexander de Petrovsky's crew rolling his Sommer
back towards the hangar area. In the background is
the Convent of Saint Elisabeth, on the east side of
the park. The building still exists, but has been
enlarged. (1)
Élie Mollien outside his hangar, in neat white
overalls. (2)
The young princesses in the grandstand during their
visit on June 7th. (3)
The princesses touring the hangars. (4)
Mollien ready for a take-off. (2)
René Barrier's Blériot in front of the hangars.
We have not seen any other photo that shows a machine
with a race number. (1)
Christiaens about to touch down. (2)
Charles Bettendorf (1863-1929), the industrialist and
mecenate who made the meeting possible. A better
photo would be welcome. (5)
This drawing of a Voisin was used on the front page
of the program of the meeting.
Mondorf-les-Bains (in German Bad Mondorf, in
Luxembourgish Munneref) is a small town in the
south-east part of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. It is
situated right on the border against the part of Lorraine
that between 1871 and 1918 belonged to the German Empire.
In 1910 the town had around 1,000 inhabitants. As
indicated by its name, Mondorf is a spa town - the main
business was, and is, the thermal springs that were
opened in the 1840s. Then as now, thousands of people
each year visit the town to enjoy the richly mineralized
water, which is said to particularly suitable for the
treatment of liver, gastric and respiratory ailments.
Charles Bettendorf was a rich industrialist from Mondorf,
with interests in iron works and mining, and also in the
town's mineral waters. He was one of a group of
Luxembourg aviation enthusiasts who visited the famous
1909 "Grande Semaine d'Aviation" of Reims.
On the train home they decided to start the Aero Club of
Luxembourg. In November 1909 Bettendorf bought a Voisin
biplane from aviation pioneer Léon Delagrange. In the
spring of 1910 he displayed the Voisin at Villa Louvigny
in Luxembourg City. He then brought it to Mondorf, rented
some land for an airfield in front of his own park and
built a couple of hangars. For piloting duties he hired
Jacques Wiesenbach, who worked at the French Wright
licensees Ariel together with his brother Vincent (in
German sources often called Vinzenz), who participated at
the Cannes meeting in the spring of 1910.
Bettendorf managed to convince the government of
Luxembourg to support the organisation of an aviation
meeting by sponsoring 10,000 francs of prize money.
Thanks to 5,000 francs of Bettendorf's own money and
contributions from other local sponsors a total prize
fund of 21,500 francs was raised. The meeting was
initially planned for the middle of May, but after some
reconsiderations it was finally to be held on June 5th to
12th. With the help of the French sports magazine
"L'Auto" Bettendorf contracted five
interested pilots, resulting in this list of
participants:
- René Barrier (France, Blériot)
- Baron Pierre de Caters, (Belgium, Voisin)
- Joseph Christiaens (Belgium, Farman)
- Élie Mollien (France, Blériot)
- Alexander de Petrovsky (Russia/Belgium,
Sommer)
- Jacques Wiesenbach (Luxembourg, Voisin)
De Caters, Christiaens and Barrier had all
participated in earlier meetings, but the others were
relative newcomers and Wiesenbach had practically no
flying experience at all.
The first flights were made the day before the official
start of the meeting. At five o'clock de Petrovsky
made a three-kilometre flight, but an approaching
thunderstorm forced him to land. One of the landing skids
of his Sommer was slightly damaged during the landing.
Later in the evening Mollien also flew around the
airfield.
Sunday 5 June
The weather on the opening day was very hot and the
crowds travelling to the airfield were so big that the
railways had difficulty maintaining organized traffic.
Already before the start of proceedings growing clouds
indicated that thunderstorms were likely during the
afternoon. When the official flights started Barrier was
fist to try, but without much success. Seconds after
lift-off the machine landed again, "like a weak
young bird that left its nest too soon, lost its strength
and now lies panting, in need of help, in the
street", according to the reporter from
"Obermosel-Zeitung". Barrier turned the machine
around and rolled back for a new effort. This went
slightly better, but it was still only a straight flight
and ended in a clover field. The grass was only mowed
inside the park where the hangars and grandstands were
located, in the farmland in the northeast end of the
field the crops were still standing. Mollien also made an
effort, with the same result. The Blériot crews blamed
their bad performances on the Anzani engines, which they
claimed did not deliver full power in the heat.
At 15:15 Christiaens rolled out his Farman, a brand new
machine, and flew one lap during a three-minute flight.
He was followed by de Caters, who landed in a field after
only 300 metres. He had his machine pulled to a hill
nearby, pointed it towards the hangar area and to
everybody's surprise managed to take off again. He
did unfortunately not land immediately, but flew behind
the grandstands where he was caught by a gust and driven
down into a potato field on the Lorraine side of the
border. The machine stood on its nose and de Caters was
thrown out and slid and tumbled some ten metres along the
ground. He got away with some bruises, but the front
fuselage and the landing gear of his Voisin were rather
badly damaged. It was retrieved with the aid of two
horses and returned to his hangar around seven
o'clock in the evening. De Caters stated that it
should be possible to repair the machine in two days.
At 16:20 Christiaens made a second flight, this time a
longer one of almost seven minutes. Like de Caters he
passed behind the grandstand, over the border into
Lorraine, and then via a wide circle to the south and
east before making an elegant landing in front of the
grandstand, where he was greeted by applause and
ovations. At 16:45 a violent thunderstorm arrived, and it
lasted for one and a half hour. The crowds waited
patiently in the grandstands, restaurants and bars, and
were relieved by the cooling effect of the rain.
At 18:25, when the rain had stopped, Mollien made a good
flight around the airfield. He was followed by Barrier,
whose engine also ran better in the cooler weather, but
that didn't help much, since he ended up in a field
again. Then de Petrovsky, who had worked on his machine
after the slight mishap the day before, rolled out his
machine. It was also a brand new machine, "its fuel
tank gleaming like a polished musical instrument".
He made a good flight, but a bad landing. The machine
swerved towards the fence in front of the grandstand, but
stopped at the last moment, only metres away from an
accident. The first day had not offered any great
performances, but the large crowd had at least got to see
some flying.
Monday 6 June
The morning was calm, but towards lunchtime the winds
increased to more than 10 m/s, making flights impossible
until around half past four. As usual, the first event
was the single-lap speed contest. Christiaens was first
to start and won the event before de Petrovsky. The only
other starter was Mollien, who was forced to land after
300 metres. Barrier was busy replacing a cylinder on his
recalcitrant Anzani engine and the almost completely
inexperienced Wiesenbach was reluctant to fly and risk
damaging the machine of his employer. He did in fact not
make any flights at all during the entire meeting.
The Monday was the day scheduled for the "Prix de la
Commune de Mondorf-les-Bains" (Preis der Gemeinde
Mondorf), a speed event over 12 kilometres, eight laps of
a 1.5-kilometre course. Again Christiaens was first to
try, flying seven laps in sixteen and a half minutes
before being forced down by increasing winds. He managed
to land immediately in front of his hangar, where his
mechanics had difficulties holding the machine down in
the gusts.
When the winds had calmed down de Petrovsky made a
ten-minute flight, but he had to land because he had run
out of oil. At the end of the day it was decided that the
flights on each day should be extended until eight
o'clock in the evening. It was also announced that
red, white and black flags indicating the flight status
should be flown at Hotel Staar in the centre of
Luxembourg City, the capital of the Grand-Duchy, a train
ride of some 20 km away from Mondorf.
Tuesday 7 June
The afternoon started with yet another thunderstorm, with
lightning, high winds and pouring rain. The downpour
flooded part of the railway between Luxembourg City and
Mondorf, slowing down the arrival of visitors
considerably. Parts of the airfield were also flooded,
forcing the organizers to lay planks on the ground in
order to enable people to get to the grandstands. Around
a quarter to five the weather suddenly turned better,
coinciding with the arrival of the Grand-Duchess and five
of the six young princesses, Marie-Adélaïde (15),
Charlotte (14), Hilda (13) Antonia (10) and Sophie (8) to
the airfield. They went on a visit to the hangars,
"the princely children, the darlings of the people,
their cheerful, innocent-looking beings contrasting
strangely against the machines, in whose inwards blind,
uncanny powers rage, and to whose heels death often
enough clings" according to the
"Obermosel-Zeitung".
The first to fly was de Petrovsky, who finally managed to
get his wheels off the ground after a long take-off run
in the muddy puddles, water thrown high in the
slipstream. He made a flight of ten minutes, first
completing his lap for the daily speed contest, the
continuing with a long meandering flight around the
countryside outside the airfield. After landing he was
brought to Charles Bettendorf's box, where he was
presented to the princesses and was given a portrait of
the crown-princess while the orchestra played the Russian
national anthem. Then followed further flights, almost
without pause: Three by Christiaens, the longest for 23
minutes, and two each by de Petrovsky, Barrier and
Mollien. All the flyers were presented to the princesses
and had their national anthems played.
The "Prix de la Commune de Mondorf-les-Bains",
which was postponed the day before, was won by
Christiaens, who also won the "Prix des Chemins de
Fers Secondaires" for the highest altitude reached
during a flight of at least 20 minutes. At the end of the
day Christiaens had reached a total flying time of 63
minutes, giving him a handsome lead of 36 minutes over de
Petrovsky in the total time prize.
Wednesday 8 June
The fourth day of the meeting again started windy, but at
four o'clock it had calmed down enough for flying.
Barrier was first, making a flight of six minutes before
his engine started missing and he had to give up. Mollien
made two flights, totalling twelve and a half minutes. De
Petrovsky then beat Christiaens best time for the single
lap by posting a time of 2:36.8. De Caters had received a
new propeller for his Voisin and performed some engine
tests, but that was his last appearance. His repairs
perhaps didn't go as well as expected, because he
wouldn't make any further flights during the meeting.
After these flights, the winds increased and there was a
long break.
Around six o'clock Christiaens made an effort for the
"tour de piste", improving his best time, but
not beating de Petrovsky's. Then de Petrovsky made a
superb 22-minute flight for the total flying time prize.
While he was in the air Christiaens improved the best
time for the single lap to 2:28.6. He then took off on a
flight of 16 minutes, but after a protest by de Petrovsky
these two flights weren't counted, since the rules
didn't allow two competing planes in the air at the
same time.
Thursday 9 June
Fine sunny weather finally arrived, so flying continued
almost uninterrupted between four o'clock in the
afternoon and quarter to nine in the evening. Mollien
made two single-lap flights, improving his best time to
2:53.4. Barrier's machine still didn't run well
and he tried in vain to complete a lap. In contrast the
Gnôme engines of Christiaens and de Petrovsky performed
faultlessly, enabling them to fly more during this one
day than was flown in total by all fliers during the four
previous days. Christiaens made three flights, the
longest lasting 59 minutes 28 seconds. De Petrovsky made
two long flights, the longest lasting 57 minutes 30
seconds, once "shooting up" the grandstand at
lowest altitude, making the poles and fabric of the
awnings shudder. Christiaens once again won the
single-lap prize with a best of 2:30.6. De Petrovsky had
by now reached 2 h 46:13 in the total flight time
contest. He had caught and passed Christiaens, who was
now nine minutes behind.
Friday 10 June
The windy weather was back on the sixth day of the
meeting. At four o'clock Christiaens took his Farman
out in order to "feel the pulse of the air",
but returned immediately and retreated to the hangar. An
hour later Mollien tried, but he was forced down after
one kilometre, breaking an elevator. Then de Petrovsky
tried, but he hit some turbulence and damaged his
propeller during the heavy landing.
During the afternoon the meeting was visited by the
members of the Luxembourg government, 40 members of
parliament and some other government officers,
accompanied by around 20 of their wives and daughters.
They arrived on a special train around half past three
and after visiting the spa and its park and delivering a
couple of speeches they toured the airfield. At around
half past seven they finally got to see some flying, when
Christiaens first made a five-lap flight to reclaim the
lead in the total flight time contest and then lowered
the record for the fastest lap to 2:27.4. Barrier also
took off, but landed after half a lap. Then another
thunderstorm broke out, and at quarter past eight the
train took the visiting dignitaries back to Luxembourg
City, escaping the pouring rain.
Saturday 11 June
This was another windy day, and only two of the flyers
tried to take off from the waterlogged field. At 15:38
Christiaens made his run for the daily fastest lap.
Around half an hour later Barrier made a flight of two
and a half minutes. At 16:20 Christiaens made the
day's last flight, but landed after less than three
minutes because of the winds. The spectators were
displeased and some protested loudly.
In the evening Charles Bettendorf invited the flyers and
their wives, the organizing committee and some reporters
to a dinner at the "Villa Beau-Sejour", where
many glasses were raised and many speeches were held.
Sunday 12 June
Large crowds, estimated to around 40,000 people, gathered
for the last day of the meeting, when two events, the
take-off prize and the altitude prize were to be
contested. The railway had pressed cargo wagons and even
cattle wagons into service in order to bring visitors
into the little town. However, because of the constant
high winds, the last day of the meeting was an almost
complete washout. The orchestra tried their best, but in
the crowded grandstand people were screaming, whistling
and stamping their feet. The flyers remained in their
hangars the entire afternoon.
Many visitors had already had to leave disappointed for
the overcrowded trains or the jammed roads after waiting
for several hours, when de Petrovsky finally made the
day's first flight at 19:45, winning the altitude
prize by reaching the not very impressive height of 102
metres during a one-lap flight. The only other
"flights" were the short jumps necessary for
the take-off prize, which de Petrovsky also won with an
effort of 84.60 metres, beating Christiaens by four
metres - again hardly impressive results. Mollien's
much better effort of 64.75 metres was disallowed,
because he touched the ground again too soon. The meeting
ended on a very low note.
Conclusion
From organizational point of view the meeting was a
success, and Bettendorf's brave effort, sponsorship
and hard work were praised by everybody. The meeting
attracted around 100,000 visitors from near and far. It
was reported in newspapers both in Luxembourg and abroad,
and certainly drew attention to the town. The organizers
could hardly be criticized for the weather that
restricted the total official flying time of the eight
days of the meeting to less than six hours, but the
fiasco of the last couple of days was of course a bitter
disappointment.
The five pilots who participated - from left to right
Joseph Christiaens, Pierre de Caters, Alexander de
Petrovsky, René Barrier and Élie Mollien. (6)
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